Between 19, the population increased by 5.6 million, equivalent to 20.4 per cent overall growth. The 2021 Canadian census counted a total population of 36,991,981, an increase of around 5.2 per cent over the 2016 figure. Immigration has been, and remains, the most important factor in Canada's population growth. The historical growth of Canada's population is complex and has been influenced in many different ways, such as Indigenous populations, expansion of territory, and human migration. As contrast, Russia's similar figure was 8.4 people per square kilometre. In 2021, the population density of Canada was 4.2 people per square kilometre.

The large size of Canada's north, which is not at present arable, and thus cannot support large human populations, significantly lowers the country's carrying capacity. Canada has six population centres with more than one million people: Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton and Ottawa. Though Canada's overall population density is low, many regions in the south, such as the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor, have population densities higher than several European countries. Being, however, the second-largest country by area (fourth-largest by land area), the vast majority of the country is sparsely inhabited, with most of its population south of the 55th parallel north and just over 60 per cent of Canadians live in just two provinces: Ontario and Quebec.

Ĭanada ranks 37th by population among countries of the world, comprising about 0.5% of the world's total, with 40 million Canadians as of 2023. Canada population density map (2014) The Quebec City–Windsor Corridor is the most densely populated and heavily industrialized region of Canada, spanning 1,200 kilometres (750 miles).

Population density of the us map